广州市郊填埋场附近蔬菜重金属检测与讨论

蔬菜是人们餐桌上必不可少的食物,重金属在受污染的自然环境中又无处不在,而蔬菜中的重金属含量尤其令人担忧。本文使用原子吸收分光光度法(石墨炉)和原子荧光分光光度法检测了广州市郊某垃圾填埋场附近所种植蔬菜中重金属含量。结果:抽样由2013年10月至2014年9月共持续一年,共抽样检测12次,按平均每个月一次的频率,检测结果并未发现有蔬菜超出国家规定的限量值。     

Effect of biopolymers on permeability of sand-bentonite mixtures

Application of biopolymer-modified geomaterials in waste disposal practices is gaining wide acceptance due to their superior tensile characteristics and improved crack resistance. Permeability is an important design parameter which determines the suitability of a material as a liner for construction of engineered landfills. Given this, the permeability characteristics of sand-bentonite mixtures amended with biopolymers was studied using a modified-falling head permeability apparatus under an accelerated gravity environment. Both distilled water and synthetic leachate were utilized as permeant liquid to assess the role of biopolymer amendment on the permeation behavior of sand-bentonite mixtures. Experimental results indicate that addition of biopolymers causes aggregation of the clay platelets, which in turn enhances the permeation behavior of the biopolymer-modified sand-bentonite mixtures. These mixtures meet the regulatory requirement of the liner.     

危废填埋场地下水环境影响评价研究

危险废物具有各种危害性,不仅对人体健康有着威胁,对于环境治理来说也有着极大的消极影响。就目前来说,虽然安全填埋技术已经较为成熟,但在实际实施过程中还是容易出现渗漏事故,渗漏液在地下容易穿透防渗层,从而影响地下水,所以这也是我们需要重视的问题之一。     

重庆主城区生活垃圾处理及长生桥卫生填埋场设计小结

介绍重庆市主城区生活垃圾处理方法,长生桥填埋场场址和防渗方案选择、渗滤液收集与调节系统、沼气收集系统的设计.     

灌浆帷幕防渗技术在天子岭生活垃圾卫生填埋场中的应用

介绍杭州市天子岭生活垃圾填埋场的防渗工程,评价灌浆帷幕防渗技术在填埋场的应用效果.十余年运行实践证明,采用以灌浆帷幕为主的垂直防渗措施,防止填埋场渗沥液污染下游地下水的效果明显.但由于灌浆帷幕不可能完全隔离帷幕上、下游地下水的水力联系,因此,对下游地下水可能会造成轻微污染.     

Treatment of Acid Leachate from Coal Discard using Calcium Carbonate and Biological Sulphate Removal

Abstract.   An integrated approach is proposed for treating acidic coal discard leachate, consisting of CaCO₃ handling and dosing, CaCO₃-neutralization, and biological sulphate removal. It was found that: powdered CaCO₃ can be slurried to a constant density and used to neutralize the acid water, remove Fe (II), Fe (III), and Al, and partially remove the sulphate (to saturation level); biological sulphate removal can be used to lower the sulphate to less than 200 mg/L using ethanol as the carbon and energy source; CO₂ produced during calcium carbonate treatment can be used for H₂S-stripping and; H₂S gas recovered in the sulphate removal stage can be used for iron removal.     

城市垃圾填埋场水泥基防渗浆材的研究

针对垃圾填埋场防治沥出液渗漏的要求，研制了一种水泥基膨润土-粉煤灰-水泥（BFS）防渗浆材，该浆材具有渗透系数低、吸附阻滞性能好的特点。介绍了该浆材的材料及试验研究成果。     

A laboratory study of landfill-leachate transport in soils

Continuous flow experiments were conducted using sand-packed columns to investigate the relative significance of bacterial growth, metal precipitation, and anaerobic gas formation on biologically induced clogging of soils. Natural leachate from a local municipal landfill, amended with acetic acid, was fed to two sand-packed columns operated in upflow mode. Degradation of the influent acetic acid resulted in the production of methane and carbon dioxide, and simultaneous reduction of manganese, iron, and sulphate. Subsequent increase in the influent acetic acid concentration from 1750 to 2900 mg/l, and then to 5100 mg/l, led to rapid increase in the dissolved inorganic carbon, solution pH, and soil-attached biomass concentration at the column inlet, which promoted the precipitation of Mn(2+) and Ca(2+) as carbonate, and Fe(2+) as sulphide. An influent acetic acid concentration of 1750 mg/l decreased the soil's hydraulic conductivity from an initial value of 8.8 x 10(-3)cm/s to approximately 7 x 10(-5)cm/s in the 2-6 cm section of the column. Increasing the influent acetic acid to 5100 mg/l only further decreased the hydraulic conductivity to 3.6 x 10(-5)cm/s; rather, the primary effect was to increase the length of the zone experiencing reduced hydraulic conductivity from 0-6 cm to the entire column. As bioaccumulation was limited to the 0-5 cm section of the column, and the effect of metal precipitation was negligible, the reduction on the deeper sections of the column is attributed to gas flow, which was up to 1440 ml/day. Mathematical modelling shows that biomass accumulation and gas formation were equally significant in reducing the hydraulic conductivity, while metal precipitation contributed only up to 4% of the observed reduction.     

欧盟垃圾填埋导则解读和启示

欧盟的垃圾填埋导则全面反映了欧盟对于垃圾管理的要求和目标,即对于可持续发展和气候变化的关注,并对垃圾管理战略和处理模式、填埋场的建设、运营管理等提出了新的要求。欧盟的垃圾填埋导则给我国垃圾处理的启示是,要从可持续发展的角度制定有关政策和处理一些具体问题,垃圾处理的目标应当是全方位的达标,而不是泛泛的、模糊的无害化。     

垃圾填埋场渗滤液回灌效果的理论研究

基于前人提出的垃圾填埋场渗滤波渗流模型，通过试验初步提出了评价回灌效果的指标和回灌有效期的概念，并分别考察了回灌水质、渗流参数及填埋深度对渗滤液中污染物浓度、微生物浓度和垃圾土中有机质溶解及降解的影响。分析结果表明，回灌能促进渗滤液中COD浓度的降低并加快垃圾土中有机质的降解；提高垃圾土的溶解速度，有利于减少垃圾土的有机质含量，同时不影响COD浓度的稳定；在相同回灌水质下，填埋越深则回灌的效果越不明显。